You may have seen opportunities to purchase Mason Bee and Leaf Cutter Bee cocoons for pollination services. This cartoon and post are meant to bring awareness to some of the potential harm that may occur to our wild native bee populations when commercial bees are added to the mix. We have questioned the ethics of this practice for a while now. One of the reasons is there about 150 different species of Mason Bees within the United States. While estimates vary, sources commonly cite around 140 to over 200 species of Leaf Cutter Bees within the United States. This means that the Mason Bees or Leaf Cutter Bees that are being shipped to you may not be even native to your particular state. There is also the issue of the Houdini Fly which is an invasive. The Houdini fly is a kleptoparasite. It does not attack mason bees directly but lays its eggs on the pollen meant for the Mason Bee young. By shipping cocoons across state lines, there is the potential for this invasive to spread into places where it was not previously found which could impact wild populations of Mason Bees. While this industry does have some regulations, there may be a need for stricter regulations especially when one out of four of our 4,000 native bees are at increased risk of being imperiled with extinction. We have already seen an issue with commercial bumblebee operations and the spread of pathogens to wild bumblebee populations. So, there is a reason to be wary. We may do our research before bringing a pet into a home, especially in researching various breeds of dog or cats. We should take the time to research the ramifications of bringing commercial Mason Bees or Leaf Cutter Bees into our space as well. Here is the study that is quoted in the original post: www.pollinationecology.org/index.php/jpe/article/view/888?fbclid=IwY2xjawQyGftleHRuA2FlbQIxMABicm…Spam is, basically, an unwanted mail appearing in large numbers, right? Wild bees might feel like being spammed by commercially sold bees, then.Recently an important opinion paper by MacIvor and Irvin (link in the comment) was published. The authors draw attention to the problem appearing when bee solitary bee cocoons are sold on a large scale. Why buy bee cocoons at all? They don’t make honey or wax but are great pollinators, and can be used in commercial orchards for that purpose. They are also often are reared as a hobby, or are bought by people who think that breeding bees is a way of helping them (actually, it is not). There is too little oversight of the sale of bee cocoons. They can be shipped for large distances, even to the places where the sold bees aren’t a native species. At their destination, they are released into the environment and can interact freely with local species, competing and sharing pathogens and parasites with them. Even if they are shipped to the areas where they are a native species, they may belong to other subspecies or lineage. During interbreeding with wild conspecifics, the gene pools are mixed and that also can have negative consequences for the local populations.The authors call for legal regulations which would allow to prevent large-distance mailing of wild bees. For now, everybody can help to make the situation better – just don’t buy bee cocoons from distant places, check what species you’re buying and if it’s native, and above all, don’t buy bees at all unless you really need to.
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It’s that time of year again — when the memes start circulating about dandelions being the very first and best spring forage for bees. While these memes are well meaning, they are incorrect in stating that dandelions are the very first flower to bloom. In our area, the Skunk Cabbage is really the first wildflower that we see blooming. Next is our trees. Dandelions which are European in origin, also lack the necessary nutrition that our native bees need in order to rear successful nests. In a recent study, solitary bees that foraged mainly from dandelions caused nest failure. We are not demonizing dandelions; however, we want to make sure that folks are getting the correct information based on science. In order to really help our native bees in this urban landscape, we can help in providing native wildflowers, shrubs, and trees. Even if you just plant one native plant in your space you are making a huge step in helping our native pollinators and other wildlife that depend on native plants for food and shelter.It’s that time of year again — when the memes start circulating about dandelions being the very first and best spring forage for bees. We could go down that rabbit hole… but we’ll resist 🐝What often gets overlooked is that trees are usually the earliest bloomers — and they provide exceptional nutritional value for our local pollinators.One standout is the American Pussy Willow. In March, you may notice its soft, dove-gray catkins lighting up the edges of wetlands and parks. Those fuzzy blooms aren’t just charming signs of spring — they are vital pollen sources.The Willow Mining Bee is a pollen specialist that relies almost exclusively on willow species. Without willows, these bees simply cannot reproduce successfully. Pussy willow also supports a diversity of other small native bees emerging in early spring, offering protein-rich pollen at a critical time of year.And the ecological story doesn’t stop there. The leaves of willow species feed the caterpillars of both the Mourning Cloak and the Viceroy butterflies — meaning this small tree supports pollinators and butterflies across multiple life stages.So, as you’re walking through the parks this March, take a closer look at those silvery buds. Before lawns wake up, before many flowers open, the willows are already at work — quietly sustaining an entire community.📸: Wehr Nature Center#wehrnaturecenter #milwaukeecountyparks
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